Ukuhlukaniswa kwamamaski ezokwelapha|KENJOY

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamamaski ezokwelapha.Singazihlukanisa zibe izigaba ezintathu.Yiziphi izigaba ezintathu?Manje iI-wholesale yokuthengisa imaskhi yobuso bezokwelaphausitshela okulandelayo.

EzokwelaphaFFP2 imaskingokuyinhloko zenziwe ngendwangu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yendwangu engalukiwe.Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuncibilika, i-spunbond, umoya oshisayo noma i-needling.Ayizwani noketshezi, ihlunga izinhlayiyana namagciwane.Yindwangu yokuvikela impilo.

Amamaski ezokwelapha angahlukaniswa abe imaski yokuvikela yezokwelapha, imaski yokuhlinzwa kanye nemaski ezokwelapha ajwayelekile ngokuya nezici zokusebenza kwawo kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza.

Imaski yokuvikela yezokwelapha

Imodeli yosizo ihlobene nesihlungi esizivikelayo esizibamba eduze, esilungele ukuvikelwa kwezisebenzi zezokwelapha kanye nabasebenzi abahlobene, futhi enezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela, futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile iziguli ezichayeke ekuthelelekeni ngomgudu wokuphefumula. izifo ezidluliselwa ngomoya noma eduze kwamaconsi ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa nokwelashwa.Ingakwazi ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ezisemoyeni futhi ivimbe amaconsi, igazi, uketshezi lomzimba, uketshezi, njll. Iwumkhiqizo olahlwayo.Imaski yezokwelapha ivimba amagciwane amaningi, amagciwane kanye namanye amagciwane, futhi i-WHO incoma ukuthi abasebenzi bezempilo basebenzise imaski elwa nezinhlayiya ukuvikela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emoyeni wasesibhedlela.

Ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-GB19083-2003, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zamamaski okuvikela ezokwelapha ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kanye nokumelana nokugeleza komoya okunezinhlayiya zikawoyela noma ngaphandle kwazo.

Izinkomba eziqondile zimi kanje:

I-1) Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga: uma izinga lokugeleza komoya lingu (85±2)L/min, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga akukho ngaphansi kuka-95%, okungukuthi, ububanzi be-aerodynamic median be-N95(noma i-FFP2) nangaphezulu (0.24±0.06) μm(0.24±0.06).Ukudluliselwa ngomoya kungavinjelwa ama-ejenti athathelwanayo angama-5μm ububanzi noma ngokuthintana eduze nama-ejenti athathelwanayo asakazwa ngamaconsi.

I-2) Ukumelana nokudonsa: ngaphansi kwezimo zokugeleza ezingenhla, ukumelana nokudonsa akufanele kudlule i-343.2Pa (35mmH2O).

3) Akumele kube nezinkomba zobuchwepheshe njengokungena ngaphakathi kwemaski ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-10.9Kpa(80mmHg).

4) Imaski kufanele ifakwe isiqeshana sekhala, esenziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki, ubude> 8.5 cm.

5) igazi lokwenziwa kufanele lifuthwe ku-10.7kPa (80mmHg) kusampula yemaski.Akufanele kube khona ukungena ngaphakathi kwemaski.

imaski yokuhlinzwa

Imaski yokusebenza kwezokwelapha isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela okuyisisekelo kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha noma abasebenzi abahlobene, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwegazi, uketshezi lomzimba, ukuchaphazeka nokunye, ngomphumela othile wokuvikela.Igqokwa kakhulu endaweni ehlanzekile engaphansi kwezinga le-100,000, isebenza egunjini lokuhlinza, iziguli ezinakekela abahlengikazi ezinokuzivikela okuphansi, ukwenza ukubhoboza umgodi womzimba nokunye ukuhlinzwa.Imaski yezokwelapha ingavimba amabhaktheriya amaningi kanye namagciwane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha, futhi ivimbele ama-microorganisms aphethwe umoya wabasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi akhishwe emzimbeni ngokuqondile, okubeka usongo esigulini.Imaski yokuhlinzwa idingeka ukuthi isebenze ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-95 ekuhlungeni amagciwane.Amamaski okuhlinzwa alahlwayo kufanele futhi anikezwe iziguli okusolakala ukuthi zinezifo zokuphefumula ukuvimbela izinsongo zokutheleleka kwabanye abasebenzi basesibhedlela futhi kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuthelelana ngezifo, kodwa umphumela awumuhle njengamamaski okuvikela ezokwelapha.

Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwamagciwane kanye nokumelana nokuphefumula.

Izinkomba eziqondile zimi kanje:

1) Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga: Ububanzi be-aerodynamic median (0.24±0.06)μm ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwe-aerosol ye-sodium chloride akukho ngaphansi kuka-30% ngezinga lokugeleza komoya (30±2)L/min.

2) Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwebhaktheriya: ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwe-Staphylococcus aureus enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezimaphakathi (3±0.3) micron akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-95%, izinga lokuhlunga amagciwane ≥95%, kanye nezinga lokuhlunga lezinhlayiya ezingezona amafutha ≥30 %.

I-3) Ukumelana nokuphefumula: ngaphansi kwesimo sokugeleza kokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga, ukumelana nokuphefumula ngeke kudlule i-49Pa, futhi ukumelana nokuphelelwa umoya akufanele kudlule i-29.4Pa.Uma umehluko wengcindezi △P phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zemaski ingu-49Pa/cm, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi kufanele libe ngu-≥264mm/s.

4) Isiqeshana sekhala kanye nebhande lemaski: Imaski kufanele ifakwe isiqeshana sekhala esenziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki, ubude besiqeshana sekhala kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-8.0cm.Ibhande lemaski kufanele kube lula ukuligqoka nokulisusa, futhi amandla okuphuka ebhande lemaski ngalinye kufanele abe makhulu kuno-10N endaweni yokuxhumana yomzimba wemaski.

5) ukungena kwegazi lokwenziwa: ngemva kokuba u-2ml wegazi lokwenziwa lifuthwe ohlangothini olungaphandle lwemaski ku-16.0kPa (120mmHg), akufanele kube khona ukungena ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwemaski.

6) Ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant: Sebenzisa izinto ezingashi zemaski, futhi ushise isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-5 ngemva kokuba imaski ishiye ilangabi.

7) Izinsalela ze-ethylene oxide: insalela ye-ethylene oxide yamaski afakwe inzalo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-10μg/g.

8) Ukucasuka kwesikhumba: inkomba yokucasuka eyinhloko yezinto ezisetshenziswa kumaski kufanele ibe ngaphansi noma ilingane no-0.4, futhi akufanele kube nokusabela kokuzwela.

9) Inkomba ye-Microbial: inani eliphelele lamakholoni amagciwane ≤20CFU/g, amagciwane e-coliform, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-hemolytic streptococcus kanye nesikhunta ngeke kutholakale.

Imaski yezokwelapha evamile

Amamaski ajwayelekile ezokwelapha aklanyelwe ukuvimba ukuchitheka kwegazi ekhaleni nasemlonyeni futhi angasetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kanye nje kokuthi Izilungiselelo zezokwelapha ezijwayelekile ngezinga eliphansi lokuvikela.Ngemisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo evamile, efana nokuhlanzwa kwenhlanzeko, ukulungisa uketshezi, amayunithi okuhlanza umbhede, ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuvikela izinhlayiya ngaphandle kwamagciwane e-pathogenic, njengempova, njll.

Ngokwamazinga omkhiqizo abhalisiwe afanelekile (YZB), ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinhlayiya namagciwane ngokuvamile akudingekile, noma ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinhlayiya namagciwane kuphansi kunalokhu kwemaski okuhlinzwa namamaski okuvikela ezokwelapha.I-aerosol engu-0.3-micron-diameter ingafinyelela umphumela wokuvikela ongu-20.0% -25.0% kuphela, ongakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinhlayiya namagciwane.Ayikwazi ukuvimbela ngempumelelo i-pathogen ekuhlaselweni komgudu wokuphefumula, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni okubuhlungu emtholampilo, ayikwazi ukudlala indima yokuvikela ezinhlayiyeni namagciwane namagciwane, ingadlala indima yokuvimbela umshini ezinhlayiyeni zothuli noma ama-aerosol.

Izikhathi zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukene

Amamaski okuvikela ezempilo:

Imodeli yokusetshenziswa ifanele ukuvikelwa emsebenzini kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha lapho bexhumana neziguli ezinomoya noma izifo ezithathelwana ngamaconsi.Ngokuvamile kuyanconywa ukuthi kushintshwe kungakapheli amahora ama-4 ewodini labantu abangabodwa, emagumbini okunakekela abagula kakhulu, emitholampilo yemfiva nakwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile.

Amamaski okuhlinzwa:

Ifanele ukugqokwa izisebenzi zezokwelapha emitholampilo yezokwelapha, amalabhorethri, amagumbi okuhlinza kanye nezinye izindawo ezihlaselayo noma ezidinga amandla ukuze kuvinjwe igazi, isiphalaphala soketshezi lomzimba nokudluliswa kwegwebu, futhi ukuvimbela ubhubhane lwegazi kuyadingeka endaweni yalo yangaphandle.Hamba ezindaweni zomphakathi, ungathinti iziguli, kufanele ugqoke imaski yokuhlinzwa;

Amamaski ezokwelapha alahlwayo:

Isetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuvamile kubantu abasengozini encane futhi inezinga eliphansi lokuvikela.Ikhawulelwe ekudlaleni umthelela othile wokuvimbela imishini othulini noma i-aerosol futhi igqokwa esimweni sokuminyana kwabantu abambalwa.

Okungenhla isingeniso esifushane semaski yezokwelapha.Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namamaski ezokwelapha, sicela uxhumane nathiabakhiqizi bemaski yobuso bezokwelaphaukuze sikunikeze ulwazi oluningiliziwe